What is Personalization?

Personalization exists on a spectrum. At the simplest level, it includes displaying "recently viewed products" or greeting returning customers by name. More sophisticated implementations use browsing behavior, purchase history, and demographic data to dynamically adjust product recommendations, homepage content, email campaigns, and even pricing or promotions for individual visitors.

The data sources for personalization range from explicit (customer accounts, stated preferences, survey responses) to implicit (browsing patterns, click behavior, time spent on pages, device type, geographic location). Machine learning models process these signals to predict what each visitor is most likely to buy and how they prefer to shop. A first-time visitor from a cold social ad gets a different experience than a returning customer who has purchased three times.

Product recommendations are the most common and well-understood form of e-commerce personalization. Amazon attributes roughly 35% of its revenue to its recommendation engine. But personalization extends beyond "you might also like" sections. It includes personalized search results, dynamic category page sorting, tailored email sequences, custom landing pages for different audience segments, and individualized promotional offers.

The challenge with personalization is balancing relevance with privacy. Customers appreciate seeing products that match their interests, but they are increasingly uncomfortable with feeling "watched." Transparent data practices, clear opt-out mechanisms, and personalization that feels helpful rather than intrusive build trust rather than eroding it.